| The
unforgettable aroma of India is not just the heavy scent of jasmine and roses
on the warm air. It is
also the fragrance of spices so important to Indian cooking – especially to preparing
curry. The word 'curry' is an English derivative of kari, meaning spice sauce,
but curry does not, in India, come as a powder. It is the subtle and delicate
blending of spices such as turmeric, cardamom, ginger, coriander, nutmeg and poppy
seed. Like an artist's palette of oil paints, the Indian cook has some 25 spices
(freshly ground as required) with which to mix the recognised combinations or
masalas. Many of these spices are also noted for their medicinal properties. They,
like the basic ingredient, vary from region to region. Although not all Hindus
are vegetarians, vegetable dishes are more common than in Europe, particularly
in southern India. Broadly speaking, meat dishes are more common in the north,
notably, Rogan Josh (curried lamb), Gushtaba (spicy meat balls in yoghurt) and
the delicious Biryani (chicken or lamb in orange-flavoured rice, sprinkled with
sugar and rose water). Mughlai cuisine is rich, creamy, deliciously spiced and
liberally sprinkled with nuts and saffron. The ever-popular Tandoori cooking (chicken,
meat or fish marinated in herbs and baked in a clay oven) and kebabs are also
northern cuisine. In the south, curries are mainly vegetable and inclined to be
hotter. Specialities to look out for are Bhujia (vegetable curry), Dosa, Idli
and Sambar (rice pancakes, dumplings with pickles, and vegetable and lentil curry),
and Raitas (yoghurt with grated cucumber and mint). Coconut is a major ingredient
of southern Indian cooking. On the west coast there is a wide choice of fish and
shellfish: Mumbai duck (curried or fried bombloe fish) and pomfret (Indian salmon)
are just two. Another speciality is the Parsi Dhan Sak (lamb or chicken cooked
with curried lentils) and Vindaloo (vinegar marinade). Fish is also a feature
of Bengali cooking as in Dahi Maach (curried fish in yoghurt flavoured with turmeric
and ginger) and Malai (curried prawn with coconut). One
regional distinction is that, whereas in the south rice is the staple food, in
the north this is supplemented and sometimes substituted by a wide range of flat
breads, such as Pooris, Chapatis and Nan. Common throughout India is Dal (crushed
lentil soup with various additional vegetables), and Dahi, the curd or yoghurt
which accompanies the curry. Besides being tasty, it is a good 'cooler'; more
effective than liquids when things get too hot. Sweets are principally
milk-based puddings, pastries and pancakes. Available throughout India is Kulfi,
the Indian ice cream, Rasgullas (cream cheese balls flavoured with rose water),
Gulab Jamuns (flour, yoghurt and ground almonds), and Jalebi (pancakes in syrup).
Besides a splendid choice of sweets and sweetmeats, there is an abundance of fruit,
both tropical – mangoes, pomegranates and melons – and temperate – apricots, apples
and strawberries. Western confectionery is available in major centres. It is common
to finish the meal by chewing Pan as a digestive. Pan is a betel leaf in which
are wrapped spices such as aniseed and cardamom. Besides the main dishes,
there are also countless irresistible snacks available on every street corner,
such as Samosa, Fritters, Dosa and Vada. For the more conservative visitor, Western
cooking can always be found. Indeed, the best styles of cooking from throughout
the world can be experienced in the major centres in India.
Drink: Tea is India's favourite drink and many of
the varieties are enjoyed throughout the world. It will often come ready-brewed
with milk and sugar unless 'tray tea' is specified. Coffee is increasingly popular.
Nimbu Pani (lemon drink), Lassi (iced buttermilk) and coconut milk straight from
the nut are cool and refreshing. Soft drinks (usually sweet) and bottled water
are widely available, as are Western alcoholic drinks. There is a huge variety
of excellent Indian beer. There is also good Indian-made gin, rum, brandy and
wine. Restaurants have table service and, depending on area and establishment,
will serve alcohol with meals. Most Western-style hotels have licensed bars. Visitors
will be issued All India Liquor Permits on request by Indian Embassies/High Commissions,
Missions or Tourist Offices. Various states impose prohibition but this may change;
check with the Tourist Office for up-to-date information. In almost all big cities
in India certain days in the week are observed as dry days when the sale of liquor
is not permitted. Tourists may check with the nearest local tourist office for
the prohibition laws/rules prevailing in any given state where they happen to
be travelling or intend to travel. |