| The
Temples of Andhra Pradesh |
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The
State of Andhra Pradesh abounds in archeological
remains and religious monuments. The Satavahanas
of the 1st century AD left behind them many works
of art, the remains of which are seen at Amaravati
near Guntur. The Ikshvakus succeeded the Satavahanas
and the monuments left behind by them were discovered
at excavations at Nagarjunakonda.Some of the best
known Budhist monuments of Andhra Pradesh such as
the Mahastupa and some Hindu temples were found
in these excavations.
The oldest temples in the State, Tirupati Venkateswara
Temple and the Kalahasteeswara Temple date back
to the pre Christian times. The Chalukyas of Badami
(Karnataka) of about the 6th century built the Alampur
Bhrama temples.These are excellent examples of Chalukyan
art and sculpture. The Vengi Chalukyas ruled coastal
Andhra Pradesh from the 7th to the 11th centuries.
The
Badami Chalukyas of Deccan were succeeded by the
Rashtrakutas and the later Chalukyas. The Kakatiyas
who succeeded the later Chalukyas and ruled from
Warangal (11th - 14th century AD) constructed several
beautiful temples that show a profuse display of
sculptural work.. The North Eastern region of Andhra
Pradesh was under the rule of the Ganga Kings and
the temples of this region show influences of the
Orissa style of architecture.
The Vijayanagar Empire caused a number of monuments
to be built and patronized in the State. Mention
must be made of the Sree Sailam temple and the ornate
Lepakshi temples. The flat stuccoed granite ceilings
of the Vijayanagar Empire provided a suitable background
for frescoes as seen at Lepakshi.
Thus, the temples that line the length and breadth
of the State stand in silent acknowledgement
of centuries of history and the patronage of various
kingdoms such as the Cholas and Pallavas of Tamilnadu,
the Chalukyas of Deccan , the Eastern Gangas and
the Vijayanagar Kings. Some of these temples have
been visited and sung by the Alwar (Vaishnavite)
and the Nayanmar (Saivite) Saints of Tamilnadu.
The following list is a pointer to some of the temples
in Andhra Pradesh.
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| Navabhrama
Temples at Alampur near Kurnool
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Deities:
Navabhramma (Shiva)
This shrine is considered to be a gateway to Sreesailam,
and it has a cluster of 9 temples dedicated to Shiva
- called the Bhrama temples. These were built by
the Badami Chalukyas (7th century AD).The entire
complex is a treasure house of history and art.
These temples do not follow the Dravidian temple
style and are closer to the Northern and Western
Indian styles of architecture. Alampur is known
as Dakshina Kashi. A Suryanarayana Temple and a
Narasimha temple are also in the complex.
Access and Accomodation: Kurnool.
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| Amaravati
Amareswara Temple at Amaravati near Vijayawada
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Deities: Amareswara (Shiva)
This ancient temple dedicated to Shiva enshrines a 15 feet high white marble Shiva Lingam and is surrounded by massive walls with towers. The Satavahanas and the Vijayanagar kings have made great contributions to this temple.This temple constitutes one of the five Pancharama Kshetrams in Andhra Pradesh. Amaravati is known for its archeological remains of the ancient Budhist era.
Access and Accomodation: Vijayawada.
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| Annavaram
Satyanarayana Swami Temple at Annavaram(Kakinada)
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Deities:
Satyanarayana
This temple dedicated to Veera Venkata Satyanarayana Swami is built atop the Ratnagiri hills and is accessed by a motorable road and a flight of steps. The presiding deity installed along with Shiva represents the oneness of Shiva and Vishnu.The temple is built to resemble a chariot and it attracts innumrable pilgrims statewide.
Access and Accomodation: Kakinada.
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| Basar
Saraswathi Temple at Basar near Nizamabad
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Deities:
Saraswathi
This is an ancient temple dedicated to Saraswathi - one of the few of its kind all over India. It is said to have been installed by Sage Vyasa in the days of the Mahabharata. Another legend relates it to Valmiki the author of Ramayana.The current structure dates back to the Chalukya period. There is an image of Lakshmi beside Saraswathi. Mahakali temple, Papahareswar Temple and Pathaleswar Temple are the other places of worship here.
Access and Accomodation: Nizamabad.
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| Bhadrachalam
Rama Temple at Bhadrachalam near Khammam
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Deities:
Rama
Significance: This ancient shrine
is built on a hill, accessed by a flight of steps.
It is vast in size and is well visited. The Vimanam,
and the mandapams within are of exquisite craftmanship.
This temple is associated with Bhadrachala Ramadas
an ardent devotee of Rama.This shrine has been visited
by Kabir. Legend has it that Rama's hermitage in
exile was situated here at Bhadrachalam.This temple
is associated with Bhadrachala Ramadas an ardent
devotee of Rama.This shrine has been visited by
Kabir. Legend has it that Rama's hermitage in exile
was situated here at Bhadrachalam.
Antiquity This temple underwent a lot of renovation
in the 17th century.
Other shrines in the vicinity:
Parnasala, 32 km near Bhadrachalam is said to be
the site of the hut where Rama, Sita and Lakshman
lived in exile. Ushnagundam, a hot water spring
6 km near Bhadrachalam is another site visited by
these personalities from the Ramayana.
Access and Accomodation: Khammam.
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| Birla
Mandir at Hyderabad |
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Deities:
Venkateswara
Location: Hyderabad the capital
of Andhra Pradesh. Significance: This is a modern
temple built of white marble on top of a hill, dominating
the skyline of Hyderabad. The Birlas (industrialists
who have also built several temples in India in
this century) built this temple. The presiding deity
here is Venkateswara (Vishnu).
Antiquity: This is a modern
temple consecrated in 1976.
Architecture: This temple displays a mixture of architectural styles. A Rajagopuram built in the South Indian style greets the visitors. The tower over the main shrine of Venkateswara called the Jagadananda vimanam is built in the Orissan style while the towers over the shrines of the consorts are built in the South Indian style. The brass flagstaff rises to a height of 42 feet.
The granite image of the presiding deity is about 11 feet tall and a carved lotus forms an umbrella for this image. There are several carvings in marble, in the adjoining mukha mandapam - depicting scenes from Indian mythology. The temple is floodlit at nights.
Other shrines in the temple: The
consorts of Venkateswara Padmavathi and Andal are
housed in separate shrines.
Worship and festivals: Although
modern in construction worship is carried out as
per the traditional Agama rules, the Pancharatra
Agama in particular.
Access and Accomodation: Hyderabad.
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| Kotilingam
Temple at Panchadarla near Anakapallee
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Deities:
Shiva
This temple is situated close to the 'five fountains' - five jets of water fed by a perennila spring. The presiding deity Shiva has 12 rows of 85 lingams carved on a lingam. This temple has inscriptions dating back to the 15th century Eastern Chalukyas.
Access and Accomodation: Anakapallee.
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| Mangalagiri
Narasimhaswami Temple at Mangalagiri (Vijayawada) |
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Deities:
Narasimha
This is a rock cut shrine on a hill dedicated to Narasimha. The deity is also referred to as Panakala Narasimha, as panaka made of jaggery is offered to the deity. It is said that the entire shrine is free of ants & flies although mounds of jaggery and sweets are stored within. This temple has been visited by religious leaders such as Sankara and Ramanuja. At the foot of the hill is the ancient Rajya Lakshmi Narasimhaswami temple, with an imposing Raja Gopuram, supposedly the tallest in Andhra Pradesh.
Access and Accomodation: Vijayawada.
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| Mukhalingam
Temple at Mukhalingam near Sreekakulam
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Deities:
Shiva
This is a group of 3 temples built by the Eastern Ganga Kings in the 10th century AD. The deities are Mukhalingeswara, Bhimeswara and Someswara. All these temples show evidence of the Orissa style of architecture. The Mukhalinga temple is a veritable art gallery. The temple entrances are marvels in themselves.There is a plethora of sculptural work and perforated windows. The Bhimeswara temple lacks such grand splendour. Someswara temple is rich in sculptural work.
Access and Accomodation: Sreekakulam.
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| Venkateswara
Temple at Tirupati |
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Significance:
Tirupati/Tirumala is a pilgrimage center of great
significance and is visited by hundreds of thousands
of pilgrims throughout the year.Venkateswara, or
Srinivasa or Balaji as the presiding deity Vishnu
is known, is enshrined in this temple, located on
a range of the Eastern Ghats, called the Seven Hills.It
is an ancient temple and its glory has been sung
by the saints of the yesteryears.
Said to be the richest temple in India, this temple is a vibrant cultural and philanthropic institution with a grand history spanning several centuries. It attracts pilgrims from all over the country and it is not unusual for pilgrims to stand in line for hours together to obtain a glimpse of the presiding deity for a few fleeting seconds.
TTD, or Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam manages the affairs of the temple, the well being of the pilgrims, the upkeep of the environs in and around the Tirumala hills and sponsors several undertakings that are religious, charitable, social and educational in nature.
References to Tiruvenkatam abound in early Tamil literature(Tolkappiam and Silappadikaram) . Explicit reference to the Lord of Tiruvenkatam is found in the works of the early Tamil Saint Poets Poigai Alwar, Bhuthathu Alwar and Pay Alwar as well as in the poems of the later Alwars. The great religious leader Ramanuja Acharya is said to have visited here in the 11th - 12th century AD.
References to Venkatachalam are also found in several of the Puranas. Tirumalai constitutes one of the 108 Sri Vaishnava Divya Desams - sacred shrines in the Sri Vaishnavite tradition. Krishna Deva Raya of the Vijayanagar Empire is said to have visited this temple 7 times. An image of his is also found in the temple. The Venkatesa Itihasa Mala and the Varaha Purana contain several legends connected with Tirumalai.
Location: Tirupati is a town
in the Chittoor district of the Southern portion
of Andhra Pradesh and is at a convenient train journey
away from Chennai (formerly Madras) in Tamilnadu.
Tirumalai, on the last of the seven Hills, is home
to this temple and is connected by a well maintained
and picturesque mountain road constructed by the
Tirumala Tirupati Devastanam.
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| Veerabhadraswami
Temple at Lepakshi near Anantapur
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Deities:
Veerabhadra
This temple dates back to the 16th century AD and is built on a mount. The shrine abounds in sculptural wealth in its intricate mandapams, The Natyamandapam has pillars with life sized images of dancers musicians etc. The monolithic Nandi here is also of significance. The ceilings have works of art too. The mural paintings hold the visitors spell bound. This temple is an excellent specimen of Vijayanagar art. Lepakshi is situated near Hindupur in Anantapur District. Bangalore is the closest large city.
Access and Accomodation: Anantapur,
Bangalore. |
| Rudreswara
Temple at Palampet near Warangal |
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Deities:
Rudreswara (Shiva)
This temple dedicated to Shiva was built by the Kakatiyas in the 13th century AD. This temple is an art gallery in itself with beautifully carved works of art, exquisite ceilings and columns adding beauty to the grand architecture.The man made lake from the Kaktaiya period is of significance and so are the other temples in this town.
Access and Accomodation: Warangal.
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