| The
history of Gwalior dates back to 8th century A.D., when its chieftain, Suraj Sen,
was cured of leprosy by a hermit-saint, Gwalipa. Out of sheer gratitude, Suraj
Sen named the city after his saviour. |
|
The
Gwalior Fort is the city's most renowned landmark, its walls housing several fascinating
temples and palaces in ruins. Its glorious history dates back to more than a thousand
years. Looming at a height of 100 metres over the city, the fort hill is around
3 kms in length. Teli ka Mandir, within the precincts of the fort complex, dates
back to the 9th century and sports a peculiar layout plan and design. The roof
is Dravidian, while the sculptures adorning the rest of the temple are Indo-Aryan.
A figure of Garuda crowns the 95 metre high doorway. This is the highest structure
in the fort. Dedicated to Pratihara Vishnu, the shrine is an amazing blend of
Muslim and Hindu architecture. Another architectural gem is the Sas Bahu ka Mandir,
also dedicated to Vishnu. Originally known as the "Sahasrabahu" temple, this is
probably the most ancient of the structures within the fort precinct. It was built
by Mahipala, the Kachchwah king, in the early eleventh century.
Man Mandir Palace, an erstwhile music hall, was built by Raja Man Singh during
1486 and 1517, for the royal ladies of the palace. It is generously adorned with
blue, green and yellow tilework creating patterns of flora and fauna on its exteriors.
The walls sport exquisitely carved stone screens, where the ladies learnt music
from the masters of their era. On the way up to the hill-top fort,
one can visit the huge icons of Bahubali, a great Jain master, which have been
cut out of massive rocks. The tallest of the lot, which are said to have been
built during the 15th century, stands at a height of 17 metres. A sandstone mausoleum
of the Sufi saint, Ghaus Mohammed, an Afghan prince who once helped Babur win
the fort, lies in the old town of Hazira, north east of the fort. The
Archaeological Museum is placed within the Gujari Mahal Palace, built by Man Singh
in the 15th century for his favourite queen, Mrignayani. The museum houses a formidable
collection of Hindu and Jain sculptures and copies of the Bagh Caves' frescoes.
The Jai Vilas Palace, located in the new town, belongs to the Scindia family.
Although the current ruler still lives in a portion of the palace, a large part
of it is now a museum designed by Lt. Col. Sir Michael Filose. Gwalior is also
renowned for the tomb of Tansen, the musician extraordinaire of Akbar's Court
(one of his "nau ratan", nine jewels). The beautiful garden in which the tomb
is located, is the venue of the annual music festival held during November-December.
Gwalior retains a strong musical tradition, and continues to be an influential
force in Hindustani classical music. Tansen, an exponent of the Dhrupad style,
went on to evolve the Gwalior Gharana style, whose contemporary exponent is the
globally renowned Sarod player, Amjad Ali Khan. |